Janis Rozentāls (1866-1916) was a famous Latvian painter.
Rozentāls was born in Bebri Farmstead, Saldus parish, Courland Governorate in the Russian Empire.
He was the son of a blacksmith. He
received the basic education at H.Krause's Elementary School in Saldus
and Kuldīga District School.
At the age of fifteen he left for Riga
aiming to achieve his dream of becoming an artist, later attending
Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts.
During his free time the artist would
visit his hometown to get away from the bustle of a large city, as well
as to paint scenes of the surrounding nature and take on commissions of
portraits.
For his diploma works he mostly painted portraits using young Latvian students or local farmers as his subjects.
At some point the artist made the
decision to settle in Saldus, wishing to live closer to his intended art
subjects as well as draw inspiration from the local nature scenes.
In the spring of 1899 Rozentāls
acquired a plot of land on Striķu St. and built an art studio, however
his artistic aspirations were not well received in the provincial town,
and he instead decided to move to the capital, Riga two years later.
Now, a memorial museum in his honor has been set up in the old studio built by the artist.
In November of 1902, Janis Rozentāls got acquainted with Elli Forssell (1871-1943), a Finnish singer, in Riga.
On February 20, 1903, the pair got married. They settled in a studio-flat, on Albert street in the capital.
They later went on to have three children - Laila, Irja and Miķelis.
The start of World War I interrupted
the family's peaceful life while on a stay in their villa located in
Kulosaari, Helsinki during the years of 1905-1916.
After travelling back from an
exhibition that took place in Moscow the artist became ill and passed
away on December 26, 1916 in his Helsinki villa.
He was buried in Hietaniemi Cemetery, though in the year 1920 his body was exhumed and reburied in Forest Cemetery in Riga.
In the year of 1946 the Janis Rozentāls Art Highschool in Riga was named in the artists honor.
Creative work
The scope of Rozentāls' activities was
very wide, but painting was of paramount importance. He revealed the
beauty of nature, demonstrated the integrity of man and nature.
In Rozentāls' works the linear coexisted with the picturesque, flatness - with a soft transition of tones, small touches of paint - with wast surfaces of color.
The main trait of his compositions was asymmetry, the wavelike rhythm of Art Nouveau.
Rozentāls painted many portraits. The
creative potential of the artist revealed itself in the portraits of
persons spiritually close to him.
Rozentāls made several portraits of
the patron of writers and artists A. Dombrovskis, writer Rūdolfs
Blaumanis, and the artist's wife Elli Forsell.
Janis Rozentāls was interested in the biological nature of man – the world of passions, the love theme, was typical of his time.
He used the popular Biblical plots "Temptation" and "Eve with the Apple", motives from the mythology and observations of the reality of his time.
At least a part of the fantastic images possessed both, contemporary and local, and individual symbolic meaning.
The artist turned to landscape painting as well, and created a lyrical image of the motherland in the Latvian art.
His favorite season was spring, the rebirth of Nature. Rozentāls made several altar-pieces to order in the churches of Latvia.
In his altar-pieces, Rozentāls omitted the dynamics, expressiveness, texture and finished composition.
He took into consideration the
understanding of art of the simple people and adapted himself to it, yet
at the same time he tried not to lose the artistic quality.
The artist also tried his skills in monumental painting.
In the summer of 1910 he worked at the
decorative frieze on the facade of the newly erected building of the
Riga Latvian Society.
He painted seven symbolic compositions characterizing the main activities of the society.
Painting occupied a central place in
the creative activity of Rozentāls, yet his performance in graphic art
was significant, too.
The scope of his activity was very
wide - his work encompassed the design of books and magazines, applied
graphic art, posters, and drawings.
The characterization of Janis Rozentāls' personality would not be exhaustive without a review of his social activity.
During his study years he took part in the life of the Academy of St. Petersburg.
Later he devoted much effort to the consolidation of Latvian artists, who were neglected in their native land.
He was a member of jury of almost all the biggest Latvian art exhibitions.
Rozentāls took part in the organization of the exhibitions of Latvian art outside Latvia. | Source: © Wikipedia
Janis Rozentāls (18 marzo 1866 - 26 dicembre 1916) è stato un famoso pittore Lettone.
Il lavoro creativo
La portata delle attività di Rozentāls era molto ampia, ma la pittura era di fondamentale importanza.
Ha rivelato la bellezza della natura, ha dimostrato l'integrità dell'uomo e della natura.
Nelle opere di Rozentāls il lineare coesisteva con il pittoresco, la piattezza - con una morbida transizione di toni, piccoli tocchi di pittura - con superfici di colore sprecate.
Il tratto principale delle sue
composizioni era l'asimmetria, il ritmo ondulatorio dell'Art Nouveau.
Rozentāls dipinse molti ritratti.
Il potenziale creativo dell'artista si è rivelato nei ritratti di persone a lui spiritualmente vicine.
Rozentāls ha realizzato diversi
ritratti del mecenate di scrittori ed artisti A. Dombrovskis, dello
scrittore Rūdolfs Blaumanis e della moglie dell'artista Elli Forsell.
Janis Rozentāls era interessato alla
natura biologica dell'uomo: il mondo delle passioni, il tema dell'amore,
era tipico del suo tempo.
Ha usato le popolari trame bibliche "Tentazione" ed "Eva con la mela", motivi della mitologia e osservazioni della realtà del suo tempo.
Almeno una parte delle immagini fantastiche possedeva sia un significato simbolico, contemporaneo e locale, sia individuale.
L'artista si è rivolto anche alla pittura di paesaggi e ha creato un'immagine lirica della madrepatria nell'arte lettone.
La sua stagione preferita era la primavera, la rinascita della Natura.
Rozentāls realizzò diverse pale d'altare su ordinazione nelle chiese della Lettonia.
Nelle sue pale d'altare, Rozentāls ha omesso la dinamica, l'espressività, la trama e la composizione finita.
Ha preso in considerazione la
comprensione dell'arte della gente semplice e si è adattato ad essa, ma
allo stesso tempo ha cercato di non perdere la qualità artistica.
L'artista ha anche provato le sue abilità nella pittura monumentale.
Nell'estate del 1910 lavorò al fregio decorativo sulla facciata dell'edificio appena eretto della Società lettone di Riga.
Dipinse sette composizioni simboliche
caratterizzanti le principali attività della società. La pittura ha
occupato un posto centrale nell'attività creativa di Rozentāls, ma anche
la sua performance nell'arte grafica è stata significativa.
L'ambito della sua attività era molto
ampio: il suo lavoro comprendeva la progettazione di libri e riviste,
arte grafica applicata, poster e disegni.
La caratterizzazione della personalità di Janis Rozentāls non sarebbe esaustiva senza una revisione della sua attività sociale.
Durante gli anni di studio ha preso parte alla vita dell'Accademia di San Pietroburgo.
In seguito dedicò molti sforzi al consolidamento degli artisti lettoni, che erano stati trascurati nella loro terra natale.
È stato membro della giuria di quasi tutte le più grandi mostre d'arte lettoni.
Rozentāls ha preso parte all'organizzazione delle mostre d'arte lettone al di fuori della Lettonia. | Fonte: © British Wikipedia
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